Variability of female characters in the olonkho of the Olyekma tradition

The issue of representing female images in the Yakut epic olonkho is a relevant scholarly problem, associated with the interpretation of gender roles and the symbolic functions of characters in traditional culture. The aim of this study is to identify the typological and functional features of female characters – Aiyy girls and udagankas – in three olonkho texts of the Olyekma local tradition. The structure and logic of the research are determined by the following objectives: 1) to review existing studies and academic literature on the topic; 2) to identify key female images characteristic of this local tradition and analyze their functions and symbolism. The source material includes the epic texts Uolan Dokhsun, Kulluiya Kullustuur, and Turbutunan Törüöbüt Duo Bukhatyyr (The Standing Warrior Duo). The methodological foundation of the study combines structural-semantic and comparative analysis, along with elements of the mythopoetic approach. The research reveals that the heroines of the epic range from traditional beauties to active participants in the narrative—prophetesses and female warriors. Particular attention is given to the images of udagankas, whose functions vary depending on their affiliation with the Upper or Lower worlds, ranging from helpers and mentors to seductresses and destructive forces. The study demonstrates significant variability and multilayeredness of female characters, reflecting both the dualistic worldview of the olonkho epic and the specific features of the local tradition. The practical value of the research lies in its applicability in courses on folklore, gender and cultural anthropology, as well as in the development of educational materials on Yakut literature. Future research prospects include expanding the source base to other local traditions and conducting a deeper analysis of the semantics of female characters in olonkho.

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