Some events of 1830-1835 in Russia in the memoirs of the Bashkir Usman, the son of Ishmukhamet
Abstract
The article reports that the Fund of Manuscripts and Old Printed Books of the Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, contains the text of the memoirs of Usman, the son of Ishmukhamet, a Bashkir Cossack, a participant in a military campaign to Poland in 1830-1835, written in the middle of the 19th century. This arabographic manuscript in the Old Turkic language contains very interesting and valuable information about the life of the Bashkir people at the beginning of the 19th century, about the uniforms and weapons of the Bashkir military units of that period, about the participation of 5 Bashkir regiments in a military campaign to the western outskirts of the Russian empire in 1830, meeting with Count M. S. Vorontsov in the city of Odessa, carrying out the service to maintain quarantine against cholera in the Kherson province, suppressing the uprising of the Polish confederates, protecting the western borders of the empire along the Dniester, Danube and Prut rivers, returning home in 1835 and meeting with Major General S. F. Tsialkovsky, Commander of the Bashkir and Meshcheryak troops. The manuscript can serve as a valuable source for historians, ethnographers, linguists, literary scholars and all those interested in the history of Bashkiria and the Bashkir people.
About the Author
M. Kh. Nadergulov
Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
NADERGULOV Minlegali Khusainovich – Doctor of Philological Sciences, Chief Researcher, Head of the Department of Literary Studies
Ufa
References
1. "Aga", "agay" – these words, combined with personal male names, translated from the Bashkir language mean "uncle".
2. Alimguzha (Nizhnee Shakarovo) – a village, now part of the Sterlibashevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation.
3. Bashkirs [Bashkirs / Kuzeev R.G., Danilko E.S. (ed.)]. Moscow: Nauka, 2016. 662 p.
4. Chetyrmanovo (Old Chetyrmanovo) – a village, now part of the Fedorovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation.
5. Fathom – outdated: equal to 2.134 meters.
6. Fund of manuscripts and early printed books of the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Code: 1а – 185.
7. Ibragimov Lukman Usmanovich (1785-?), was in military service since 1801. In 1806-1807, as part of the Bashkir regiment, he was in Poland and Prussia. In 1809-1814 he served as a yurt master, and in 1814-1828 - assistant to the head of the 7th Bashkir canton. In 1828-1854 he was the head of the 7th Bashkir canton, which was transformed in 1847 into the 8th Bashkir canton. He was awarded the gold medal "For Conscientious Service" (1833): https://yandex.ru/turbo/google-info.org/s/7365836/1/ibragimovy.html
8. It is believed that cholera entered Russia during the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. Parts of the Middle East, Egypt and Mediterranean ports have become major gateways for pathogens to break through to Europe: https://posmotrim.by/article/epidemiya-holery-1830-1831.html (date of use 10.12.2020).
9. Madrasah – ( Arabic " madrasa", from "daras" – to study) a Muslim secondary and higher school, which trains clergymen, teachers of primary Muslim schools – Mektebs, as well as government officials in the countries of the Near and Middle East and others. Madrasahs became widespread in the 9-13th centuries in countries dominated by the population professing Islam, including in some areas of pre-revolutionary Russia ( Bukhara, Samarkand, Kazan, Ufa and others): https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/136004
10. "Matri" – here the author used the Russian word "look" incorrectly.
11. Muradym – presumably we are talking about the village of Muradymovo, which is now part of the Kugarchinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation: https://ruskarty.ru/respublika-bashkortostan (date of use 10.12.2020).
12. Recruit, recruitment – a way of manning the armed forces of the Russian Empire (Russian Imperial Army and Navy) until 1874. Recruitment was introduced in Russia by the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Duke of All Russia Peter I in 1705, when the term “recruit” was legalized in the state. As a result, by 1708, instead of about 40 thousand soldiers, the Russian army was 113 thousand recruits. At first, people gathered for recruitment were still called tribute people: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Navy.
13. Shakarovo ( Verkhnee Shakarovo) – a village, now part of the Sterlibashevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation.
14. Tikhonov Andrey Ignatievich – Cossack of the Orenburg Cossack army, born 1802): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg_Cossacks
15. Tsiolkovsky – Stanislav Fomich (Timofeevich)Tsiolkovsky, Major General; born December 8, 1788 in the village of Belopole, Zhytomyr region; came from an old Polish noble family. On December 4, 1834, was appointed commander of the Bashkir and Meshcheryak troops; On January 1, 1835, he was promoted to major general in retirement, and in 1836 he received the Order of St. Stanislav 1st degree. In 1839-1840. participated in the Khiva expedition, October 16, 1840 - awarded the Order of St. Anna 1st degree, and on November 28, 1840, he retired due to illness. The time of death is unknown: https://biographiya.com/ciolkovskij-stanislav-fomich-timofeevich (date of use 12/10/2020).
16. Urshak – now a freight railway station in the Bashkir region of the Kuibyshev railway on the Karlaman - Dyoma line. Located in the city of Ufa, until April 17, 1992 was part of the Ufa region. A village of the same name grew at the station (Village of Urshak station). Near the station is the Urshak river, after which the station got its name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urshak
17. Vorontsov – Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov ( 1782-1856), a prominent military and statesman, Governor-General of the Novorossiysk Territory and Bessarabia ( since 1823), Governor in the Caucasus (since 1844), His Serene Highness Prince (since 1852), Field Marshal (since 1856): https://hrono.ru/biograf/bio_we/voroncov_ms.php (date of use 12.10.2020)
Review
For citations:
Nadergulov M.Kh. Some events of 1830-1835 in Russia in the memoirs of the Bashkir Usman, the son of Ishmukhamet. Issues of National Literature. 2021;(1):52-60.
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