Genetically and typologically related stories about shamans in ethnic literatures: the case of works by Altai and Yakut writers

The article explores genetically and typologically related plots about shamans and the sacred material world of shamans in the prose and poetic corpora of works by Altai and Yakut writers.

The author's strategies in depicting the images of shamans are considered in a comparative aspect. Attention is drawn to the scenes of shamanic mysteries, genre and linguistic features of literary shamanic rituals (repetitions, anaphoras, syntactic parallelism, expressive words), the "material world of shamans" (ritual attributes), plots and episodes, as well as the ideas of shamans about the Universe and the world order. In conclusion, on the example of the works by Altai and Yakut writers, a classification of genetically and typologically related plots about shamans in ethnic literatures and shamanic attributes, which make it possible to identify ethno-cultural features, is carried out. The authors of the article reveal the genetic connection of shamanic plots: ethnographic realities and traditional shamanic ritual attributes as markers of motives perform the plot-forming function of the narrative (the material world of shamans as an artistic individualization of heroes and a single system of the object world). For example, a complex of iconic things and objects: clothes, helpers of shamans (birds, animals, people), tambourine, etc.

In the studied works, there are inclusions of myths and legends in the artistic canvas of the works, performing a plot-forming and characterological function, as well as the function of individualizing the characters. Ethnic writers use benevolence and trans rituals as artistic techniques and elements of the poetics in their works. There is also a typological connection: the persecution and extermination of shamans during the period of the Dzungar Khanate, which were reflected in the works of Dibash Kainchin and Boris Ukachin; during the period of the Soviet power the fight against shamanism is artistically reflected in the works by Dibash Kainchin, Arzhan Adarov, Boris Ukachin, Vasily Yakovlev-Dalan and Ivan Gogolev-Kyndyl, where the life in the beginning of the 20th century, the period of the revolution, is revealed; complex fates of shamans during the civil war and repression is described. At the transitional turn of the 20th – 21st centuries, ethnic writers transfer to fiction images and plots about shamans of the 16th, early 18th – 20th centuries from myths and folk legends. Thus, the image of the shaman is end-to-end for all periods of development of ethnic literatures. Comparative-historical, comparative-contrasting, and hermeneutic methods are used in the study.

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