The article is devoted to the memory of Yakutia People's Writer Vasily Yegorovich Vasiliev-Kharyskhal (1950-2020). For the first time, it presents a holistic analysis of his artistic heritage, which includes two independent sections – prose and drama. Until now, the writer's work remains completely unexplored from literary positions, so its inclusion in the general context of modern Yakut literature seems to be an urgent task. The presence of a personified narrator, participant and witness of the events in the writer's works, gives the narration a realistic, reliable character. It was established that the system of artistic techniques and principles used by Kharyskhal is very diverse and includes landscape painting, figurative animalism, an internal monologue, oneiric means, and literary reminiscences. It is noted that the specificity of the writer's early dramas is their cyclization, as well as spatial localization as a kind of "microcosm" ("the Amga river bank"), which turns out to be filled with an intellectually rich atmosphere. As for the typology of artistic images, in the light of the role concept in the characterology of Kharyskhal, normative and modal heroes stand out. In the poetics of his dramatic works, along with deep national folklore roots, one can feel the traditions of the “new” intellectual drama of the early 20th century, as well as the features of the “epic theater” of B. Brecht. A truly innovative phenomenon in national literature was the cycle of historical dramas written by Kharyskhal in recent years, in which he, relying on the traditions of Russian and Yakut classics, using the experience of world theatrical art, created his own dramatic system.
The article studies the issues and prospects of studying the national classics creativity in the context of intercultural communication. The legacy of the classics is a significant definition of the national tradition. Within the framework of comparative literary studies, such concepts as "national literature" (artistic expression of the self-consciousness of the people), "regional literature" and "world literature" (a system of national literatures of the world, their active interacting with each other) have been investigated. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the artistic and personal value of the creative and social activity of two writers-enlighteners, representatives of different cultures: Azerbaijani Mirza Fatali Akhundov and Yakut Aleksey Eliseyevich Kulakovsky. Correlation of the positions of two enlighteners belonging to different cultural regions – Azerbaijan and the Sakha Republic – allows, in turn, to come to definite conclusions about their originality and individuality. The result of the analysis is the identification of the common points in public activity of representatives of two different countries. Such studies contribute to the further convergence of national literatures, the further study of the interaction of literatures seems future-oriented.
The article examines the problems of interpreting the personality of the Yakut writer and philosopher Platon Alekseevich Oyunsky (1893-1939) in terms of his self-identification, the search for his place in literature, society and, in general, history, his struggle for truth and universal, eternal values. The article uses a complex of such traditional methods as historical-functional, typological and comparative. As a results of the analysis of the writer's works, the integrity of his creative personality will be revealed. P. A. Oyunsky's artistic concept of reality is realized in his major philosophical works – "Nikus the Madman", "The Red Shaman", "The Great Kudangsa", "Alexander the Great", which become the starting point for the evolution of his view of the world. As a writer and philosopher, he reflected on the universal problems of being and death, the purpose of man and his fate, the role of great people in history, the struggle between Good and Evil, Reason and Power. Oyunsky showed in his works the triumph of Reason, the eternal truths of humanity and foresaw that thanks to his creativity, his name would not be forgotten by the people. The writer was looking for answers to the burning questions of modern society. He paid special attention to creating heroic images that fight for the happiness of the people and change the world. Oyunsky became the founder of the new Yakut literature.
In Yakut literature, mythology, as the first type of figurative reflection of reality, finds its refraction through free and free improvisations on mythological plots. The purpose of the article is focused on identifying certain specific aspects of the "implementation" and adaptation of the mythological discourse in the literary context. Poetic texts by I. Gogolev served as the material for the study. The natural feature of the author's poetry, which is expressed in a kind of cyclo-forming principle of the composition of the material, makes it possible to go out to study the problem of stable contextual structures in Yakut lyric poetry. The striving for the largest genre forms is perceived as one of the main characteristic features of the author's special mythopoetic thinking. The preservation of the author's tendency towards large genre forms – a poem, cyclization, metatextual associations – actualizes the methodology for analyzing the lyric text, taking into account the problem of metatextual unities. Comparative, system-typological and cognitive research methods were used. As the main result, the author substantiates the proposition that in the construction of stable cyclical, meta-genre forms in Yakut poetry, formal-meaningful parameters and components of figurativeness of traditional folklore sources served as the basis. When creating contextual genre formations, I. Gogolev deliberately relies on the use of certain models of folklore texts ("Letters on the mammoth tusk", "Song of Lena", etc.). Mythological components in the form of archaic images, archetypes, codes, concepts as special categories carrying national, folklore, mythological specificity are assembled, distributed throughout the text and endowed with an individual quality depending on the creative, aesthetic reflection of the author. Prospects for further research are reduced to a more in-depth development of the poetics of metatextual unities in Yakut poetry, the definition of the "internal" specifics of the functioning of folklore elements in the literary context.
The article presents materials from the artistic and folklore heritage of A. E. Kulakovsky (1877–1926). The relevance of the topic is justified by the fact that the history of his poetic texts, clarification of the scope and nature of systematization of the materials collected by him on the Yakut mythology belong to the understudied areas of his heritage. The aim of the work is to identify some features of genre forms of his poetry as well as to present the significance and value of his works on the collection of ancient legends and tales. The method of comparative analysis of the text is conducted in the aspects of the methodological provisions of source and textology as interdisciplinary and theoretical directions in literary studies. The novelty of the study lies in the presentation of understudied issues in the artistic heritage of Kulakovsky in the foreshortening of the author's identification, as well as a review of his work on the collection and systematization of materials on Yakut legends and ancient historical and ethnographic tales recorded in Russian. In the foreshortenings of these provisions, a systematization of substantiated textual facts on specific texts by Kulakovsky is presented.
The article reports that the Fund of Manuscripts and Old Printed Books of the Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, contains the text of the memoirs of Usman, the son of Ishmukhamet, a Bashkir Cossack, a participant in a military campaign to Poland in 1830-1835, written in the middle of the 19th century. This arabographic manuscript in the Old Turkic language contains very interesting and valuable information about the life of the Bashkir people at the beginning of the 19th century, about the uniforms and weapons of the Bashkir military units of that period, about the participation of 5 Bashkir regiments in a military campaign to the western outskirts of the Russian empire in 1830, meeting with Count M. S. Vorontsov in the city of Odessa, carrying out the service to maintain quarantine against cholera in the Kherson province, suppressing the uprising of the Polish confederates, protecting the western borders of the empire along the Dniester, Danube and Prut rivers, returning home in 1835 and meeting with Major General S. F. Tsialkovsky, Commander of the Bashkir and Meshcheryak troops. The manuscript can serve as a valuable source for historians, ethnographers, linguists, literary scholars and all those interested in the history of Bashkiria and the Bashkir people.
The article examines the research of the works of A. E. Kulakovsky based on the theoretical observations of D. S. Likhachev and the practical data of the comments in the II volume of A. E. Kulakovsky (author P. V. Maksimova) presents a comparative analysis of early versions containing the main texts of A. E. Kulakovsky. The subject of the research is a comparative analysis of A. E. Kulakovsky`s early publications with the main texts. The purpose of the work is to identify and describe the corrections and editing of the author, which allows development tracing of the author's thoughts, finding the reasons and motives for the corrections. Textual differences between the early works with the later written text are noted as improvements: these are line additions, changes in individual words, rearrangements of lines and verses. The uniqueness of the study lies in the fact that it provides support for the early publications of A. E. Kulakovsky and continues editing as a subject of textual research. From this point of view, the early publications of A. E. Kulakovsky are updated as materials of interdisciplinary research: as an indicator of the process of the formation of Yakut (Sakha) literature in general and as variations of the main texts of the writer revealing the history of his original texts. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that it presents a special textual analysis of the poet’s individual works, including deep insides into the source of the study and its development as part of the authors artistic heritage and through all this acquiring special significance. Over the past decade a significant amount of new documents, related to his biography have been discovered, including unpublished works and scientific researches, which now make it possible to supplement and re-analyze previously known works in the context of new found material, giving inside into his artistic development and the chronology of publishing his works in the 20th century.
